JIT compiling and byte code morphing and instrumentation. For instance data base persistence is usually done by instrumentation tools, that add instructions to keep track about transactions and modified objects, or new objects that need persisting. And endless more things.

Then it would not be constantly evolving with more than a new release per year. Do you know anything about gigantic Java ecosystem? Guessed so …

Java always had excellent tooling. You are mixing something up. In General programming languages are not pushed by CEOs but come up in grass root movements by developers.

Enterprise programming and portable GUI applications.

Rather Dart and Flutter.

Oracle has nearly nothing to do with Java. OpenSDK is developed by the Apache Foundation.

Try ‘Nim’. It is Pythonic language with static typing.

There is Eclipse … and I guess if you google around you will find quite a few IDEs … but VSCode, IntelliJ and Eclipse are the standards.