There are penalties. They require proof of intent, however. So there are no penalties.

Bilingualism is a bit overloaded nowadays, which I find kinda annoying given that word “polyglot” exists.

Anyways, if you can freely use another language in an informal exchange with a few people of different sobriety levels while failing to remember key words and recovering from that - you’re a fluent polyglot. Ability to exchange information is a key part of what language is, and that’s how you measures your proficiency.

Bilingual can also mean “natively proficient in two languages”. And if you’re older than three years old and are not native speakers of multiple languages already, the chances of you becoming one are slim.

Native proficiency is a result of a language acquisition ability that is not well understood and disappears early into child development. It results in a level of effortless mastery that seems to be impossible to achieve as an adult, i.e. a dedicated or merely attentive native speaker will be able to recognize that you are not one.

It’s not “people vs persons” but “those people vs they”.

Conversationally, “those/these” distances you from the group you are talking about, which is humorously weird when it’s your family you’re talking about.

It’s not the meaning of the words, but habitual (and often fleeting) attribution around them that tripped you up.

PS: “People” are uncountable, “persons” are countable. That’s basically the whole difference between the two plurals. Although it’s rapidly disappearing, as “ten people” won’t raise a single eyebrow in a conversation.

Teeth cannot produce enamel. Enamel is not a living tissue and it was produced by cells outside of the tooth in a coral-like manner. In order to grow a new tooth, you need it to be fully surrounded by specialized living tissue for the whole growth cycle.

PS: I honestly expected something like this to come out of bioelectric computation research, but progress seems slower there. Or rather knowledge and techniques in other fields is reaching critical mass, giving us these advances.

Identification != Authentication

As obvious as this sounds, I’ve learned over the years that most people don’t understand what it means exactly.

If you use HTTPS, the attacker can still see what websites you connect to, they just can’t see what you are sending or receiving. So basically they can steal your browsing history, which defeats the purpose of a commercial VPN for many users.

This is blatantly false. They can see IP addresses and ports of you connect to from IP packets, and hostnames from TLS negotiation phase (and DNS requests if you don’t use custom DNS settings). HTTP data is fully encrypted when using HTTPS.

If exposing hostnames and IP addresses is dangerous, chances are that establishing a VPN connection is as dangerous.

Control of the DHCP server in the victim’s network is required for the attack to work.

This is not a VPN vulnerability, but a lower level networking setup manipulation that negates naive VPN setups by instructing your OS to send traffic outside of VPN tunnel.

In conclusion, if your VPN setup doesn’t include routing guards or an indirection layer, ISP controlled routers and public WiFis will make you drop out of the tunnel now that there’s a simple video instruction out there.

Problem with money is that money only have value when people are willing to exchange money for goods and services.

The moment that exchange stops, value of money plummets.

A very good analogy I saw in Charles Stross’ “Neptune’s brood” is that money is a concrete representation of an abstract debt. Exchange materializes that debt into a trade, which is where valuation happens. I’m pretty sure I just made a lot of economists justifiably angry though

Well, it’s when they start denying things that you need to start worrying.

How to I relax? My shoulders get so tense at times that it leads to crippling headaches.

Teleportation in that term means “make a thing disappear in one place and appear in another”. No “immediate” is ever implied.

Wikipedia article has a great diagram on the topic. Add an article on “no cloning theorem” to understand why “teleportation” is a fitting term. I recommend reading both without expectation, just read through the steps as if you’re learning a new math tool.

In short, quantum teleportation is a way to take a quantum state (which are fundamentally unforgeable - you can’t simply create a clone of a particle), destroy it, extracting classically communicable data, and they recreate it in another location.

FTL is a weird one.

Speed of light is a singularity in a special relativity theory. Singularities usually indicate model limitations, not reality fundamentals.

The theory happily describes behaviours below and above this “speed limit”, but insists on it being unapproachable from either side, which is weird already. At the same time our other models tell us that matter loses a finite amount of energy when it gains mass and stops moving at the speed of light.

Problem is, we don’t seem to have a vocabulary to discuss ways around this singularity and universe is not so forthcoming with any clues.

It’s a general crysis of physics lately. We know our models have limitations, we often know where they break exactly, and universe just giggles along.

But yeah, it’s highly unlikely that any SF will correctly guess a viable FTL, even if it is possible. Especially considering how seemingly every author thinks quantum entanglement is it.

psychometric evaluation

Ah, the “I can’t justify my existence, so I’ll point at the machine” HR starting kit.

Remember, proprietary research is not science. And proprietary research is what these psychometric tests are based on, at best.

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You underestimate the societal complexity and economic risks hidden behind the verb “move” in this context.

Seems to me, you’re dealing with a micromanager.

Personal recommendation - put things into writing. When you get your assignment verbally, write it down with assumptions you have to make to fill the gaps, and send it to the person who gave you the assignment, with the person responsible for your teams’ results in CC. Basically an “I heard you, and I’m starting the work as described below”.

Communication is one of the most important skills in software engineering, and this way you get to practise it while probing the social waters of dealing with management.

Try it, see how it goes, adjust accordingly.

Sourcehut. The answer is sourcehut.

You don’t even need an account to submit patches, just configure git send-email.

I described a route to spoof DNS root authority that Russia and China can use already. Single root is not an advantage, it’s merely a different kind of implementation with different attack vectors.

When it comes to security, it is better to have multiple different implementations coalesce at a point of service delivery, than have a single source of truth. If everything is delivered via DNS, there’s your tasty target for a capable adversary. If there are multiple verification mechanisms, it’s easier to tailor an attack for a specific target.

I want cryptographic infrastructure I rely on to be the last resort for anyone capable of dealing with it.

You gotta love confident statements that don’t stand to scrutiny.

DNSSEC keys are signed in the same recursive manner SSL certificates are. If I, as a government, block your access to root servers and provide you my own servers, I can spoof anything I want. It’s literally the same bloody problem.

Chain of trust doesn’t disappear just because you use a new acronym.

When it comes to regulations, intent doesn’t matter when they enable abuse of power.

I don’t give a fuck if this is not aimed at spying. It trivially allows it, and that’s what matters.